理解AtomicBoolean
这里我们就从AtomicBoolean开始说吧,自己正好也复习一下。对于官方的说明是:
可以用原子方式更新的 boolean 值。有关原子变量属性的描述,请参阅 java.util.concurrent.atomic
包规范。AtomicBoolean 可用在应用程序中(如以原子方式更新的标志),但不能用于替换 Boolean。
换一句话说,Atomic就是原子性的意思,即能够保证在高并发的情况下只有一个线程能够访问这个属性值。(类似我们之前所说的volatile)
一般情况下,我们使用 AtomicBoolean 高效并发处理 “只初始化一次” 的功能要求:
private static AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false); public void init() { if( initialized.compareAndSet(false, true) ) { // 这里放置初始化代码.... } }
如果没有AtomicBoolean,我们可以使用volatile做如下操作:
public static volatile initialized = false; public void init() { if( initialized == false ){ initialized = true; // 这里初始化代码.... } }
既然如此神奇,那么我们看看AtomicBoolean的源码时如何实现的,查看源码如下:
public class AtomicBoolean implements java.io.Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 4654671469794556979L; // setup to use Unsafe.compareAndSwapInt for updates private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe(); private static final long valueOffset; static { try { valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset (AtomicBoolean.class.getDeclaredField("value")); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); } } private volatile int value; /** * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with the given initial value. * * @param initialValue the initial value */ public AtomicBoolean(boolean initialValue) { value = initialValue ? 1 : 0; } /** * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with initial value {@code false}. */ public AtomicBoolean() { } /** * Returns the current value. * * @return the current value */ public final boolean get() { return value != 0; } /** * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value. * * @param expect the expected value * @param update the new value * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that * the actual value was not equal to the expected value. */ public final boolean compareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) { int e = expect ? 1 : 0; int u = update ? 1 : 0; return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u); } /** * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value. * * <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail * spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is * only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}. * * @param expect the expected value * @param update the new value * @return {@code true} if successful */ public boolean weakCompareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) { int e = expect ? 1 : 0; int u = update ? 1 : 0; return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u); } /** * Unconditionally sets to the given value. * * @param newValue the new value */ public final void set(boolean newValue) { value = newValue ? 1 : 0; } /** * Eventually sets to the given value. * * @param newValue the new value * @since 1.6 */ public final void lazySet(boolean newValue) { int v = newValue ? 1 : 0; unsafe.putOrderedInt(this, valueOffset, v); } /** * Atomically sets to the given value and returns the previous value. * * @param newValue the new value * @return the previous value */ public final boolean getAndSet(boolean newValue) { boolean prev; do { prev = get(); } while (!compareAndSet(prev, newValue)); return prev; } /** * Returns the String representation of the current value. * @return the String representation of the current value */ public String toString() { return Boolean.toString(get()); } }
你猜的没错,AtomicBoolean就是使用了Volatile属性来完成的。
Java6以后出现的很多的原子行的类,除了上述我们所说的AtomicBoolean以外,AtomicBoolean家族还是比较强大的,后面我们有时间在一一介绍。包括:
基本类:
AtomicInteger、AtomicLong、AtomicBoolean;
引用类型:
AtomicReference、AtomicReference的ABA实例、AtomicStampedRerence、AtomicMarkableReference;
数组类型:
AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray
属性原子修改器(Updater):
AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater、AtomicLongFieldUpdater、AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater